What should a student prepare for Gastroenterology in particular?

Physiology should not be underestimated. Many questions are asked on GIT Physiology .A NEET Dm Gastroenterology Aspirant should have full knowledge of values like below and what changes they undergo in different disease conditions. They form the Fundamentals of   GIT Physiology and may questions are asked on these basis.

• Salivary secretions
• Pancreatic Secretions
• Gall bladder Function
• GI Physiology
• Enzymes and their Regulation
• Enzyme inhibitors
• Receptors (H1, H2, Motilin)
• About GIT Hormones

Dm aspirants need to have in-depth subject knowledge of Diseases. A student has to have a proper Grasp of disease conditions. DM Aspirants should be specific about diseases and their etiology, presentation, differences in disease subsets at higher than post graduate level. One should also know about Differences in Disease Conditions like:

• Ulcerative colitis
• Crohns disease
• Volvolus
• Malrotation syndromes
• Sprue
• Malabsorption syndromes
• Normal physiological changes in pregnancy.
• Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
• Primary sclerosis cholangitis.
• Primary biliary cirrhosis.
• Acute Cholecystitis
• Acute Nephritis
• Acute Pyelonephritis
• Acute Hepatitis

Questions have been asked on Topics like, Values, Indices, Eponyms and terms like below. It is essential for Dm Aspirants to have knowledge of full spectrum of diseases effecting GIT System in addition to common and rare diseases, important details of Conditions like given below are examiners favorite for DM examinations especially from pediatric gastroenterology which are sometimes asked.

• Carolis syndrome.
• Choledochal cyst.
• Biliary abscess.
• Biliary atresia.
• Pseudo pancreatic cyst.

The use of lab values in arriving at a diagnosis. The  significance of certain parameters   especially those given below and their alteration with different conditions. Large numbers of questions are asked on these points.

•  PT.
•  Albumin.
•  Cholesterol.
•  Bilirubin.
• Transaminases
• Gamma glutaryl transferase
• Alkaline phosphatase

From A diagnostic and clinical cases view point, students are given clinical questions based on different symptoms, lab vales, and one has to know the Importance of Different Presentations like given below:     

• Caput medusae.
• Ascites.
• Asterixis.
• Spider angiomata.
• Pedal edema.

Recently large number of Questions were asked what procedure to adopt and when .

• Indications to do  a CT scan of the abdomen.
• Indications to do  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
• Indications to do  Do a HIDA scan.
• Indications to do  endoscopic ultrasonography.
• Other Interventional Procedures .

We get lot of questions on Use of Drugs, indications, side effects; Dosage   Common Use of Drugs in GIT Medicine like below should be a priority for students. DM aspirants should have full knowledge of drugs like

• Nitrofurantoin
• Carbon tetrachloride
• Acetaminophen
• Anabolic steroids 
• Antacids
• Cholestyramine.
• Corticosteroids.
• Erythromycin
• H2 Blockers
• Lactulose
• Laxatives
• Liver transplantation.
• PPIs
• Tetracycline
• Ursodeoxycholic acid.

GIT oncology is an important consideration and questions on various tumours related to GIT are all high on Examiners mind. This needs to be given a special importance. Like for topics below

• Glucagonoma
• Carcinoid
• Gastrinoma
• Insulionma
• Phaeochromacytoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma, primary
• Hepatocellular carcinoma, primary
• Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon, metastatic

Topics  of Recent Relevance and all updates about the newer topics. Many questions were ased about disease entities listed below and they were examiners favourites.

• FAP
• Gardeners Syndrome
• HNPCC
• Muire Torr Syndrome
• Ogilives syndrome
• Ormonds Disease
• Turcots Syndrome

Radiography is an important element of GIT Disease Diagnosis. A recent trend is increase in number of image based questions. Features are an important Consideration especially for Image Based Questions .One should be able to Identify. The Students ability to distinguish different presentations based on microbiology, clinical features, lab values, severity, Radiography is very essential.  All students should possess the ability to arrive specifically at an answer.

• CXR/ CT  Images of Intestinal obstruction
• CXR/ CT  Images of  Pancreatic cancers
• CXR/ CT  Images of  Bowel cancers
• CXR/ CT  Images of Stomach Cancer
• CXR/ CT  Images of Gall bladder cancers

From a Preventive medicine view point students should have compact knowledge of screening and preventive aspects of GIT diseases as to when to screen ike examples below which are asked 

• Screening for HIV infection.
• Screening for hepatitis B and C.
• Screening for hepatitis C.
• Screening for hepatitis B.
• Screening for hepatitis A.
• Screening for FAP
• Screening for Lower GI Malignancies

In Gastro we expect questions from Hepatology also. So  one should have an idea from Hepatology as well. It forms an important component of studying for NEET SS Gastroenterology and particularly focus on topics like :

• Acute alcoholic hepatitis.
• Autoimmune hepatitis.
• Focal nodular hyperplasia
• Hepatic adenoma
• Hepatitis due to oral contraceptive pills.
• Hydatid cyst
• Isoniazid hepatitis.
• Metastatic liver carcinoma
• Primary hepatocellular carcinoma
• Tuberculous hepatitis.

The information summed up is for DM gastroenterology and it is essential for NEET SS and particularly DM aspirants to understand that a dedicated effort is needed to pursue and qualify examinations. Online tests like that of ours in addition to standard text reading wherever possible are recommended. We hope that you find this information useful for preparing best for NEET DM Exams.